General Tips

All databases have one thing in common - they all contain related data. However, they can be structured in several different ways:


Bibliographic databases typically contain abstracts or references to published literature such as magazines, reports or newspapers. Non-bibliographic databases typically contain statistical data such as financial reports. A full-text database often contains published literature, but rather than containing only the abstract or reference, the database contains the full text of specific articles or items. Tracking systems are databases used to track items such as expenditures, permit applications, registrations, computer usage, etc.

Databases can be obtained in differing formats, such as a printed hardcopy, on CD-ROM or through online access. Bibliographic databases are often presented as a directory or catalog of publications in printed form. Large databases are often available only either in CD-ROM or through online access. Users can either obtain the database on CD-ROM and access it via the CD-ROM reader on their computer, or access an online database using their computer and modem or other connection.

One advantage of obtaining a database on CD-ROM or accessing a database online is that these databases can be easily updated by the database provider on a regular basis. Examples include encyclopedias, chemical abstracts, and environmental laws and regulations.

When accessing an online database, keep in mind that access charges can vary greatly. Some databases are available free. Other online databases may charge by the hour for database access, or by the database record for printing or downloading information. Some online databases require a subscription to their service to access the database.

Online databases may be accessible through dial-in linkage to a BBS or online service provider (e.g. America Online), but more often database access is through the Internet via Gopher, the Web, or Telnet.